Driven Torsion Pendulum, with variable damping

A driven torsion pendulum consists of a mass that twists on a wire or rod, with an external periodic driving force applied to it. By adjusting the damping, the system can be observed transitioning from underdamping, through critical damping, to overdamping. This setup illustrates the effects of damping on resonant systems, showing how energy dissipation affects oscillation amplitude and the phase relationship between driving force and displacement.