The Stirling engine operates based on the principles of heat cycles, converting thermal energy into mechanical work through cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gases at different temperatures. This closed-cycle regenerative heat engine consists of a power piston and a displacer piston within a cylinder. As heat is applied to the hot side of the engine, the gas inside expands, pushing the power piston and generating work. The displacer then moves the gas to the cool side, where it contracts, pulling the piston back. This cycle repeats, showcasing the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical work with high efficiency. The Stirling engine illustrates the practical application of thermodynamic cycles, demonstrating the principles of energy transfer, efficiency, and the second law of thermodynamics.